آیا حافظه کاری، برای فرایندهای استدلالی در کودکان اهمیت پیشایندی دارد؟ مباحث نظری همراه با دلالت‌های کاربردی

نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه روان شناسی،پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی

چکیده

در نظام شناختیِ حافظه کاری، یکپارچگیِ کارکردهای اندوزشی با فرایندهای شناختیِ دیگر مانند پردازش و کنترل توجه، فرضیه نقش پیشایندی حافظه کاری برای  استدلال سیّال را ایجاد کرده است. پژوهش حاضر، این فرضیه را از طریق مرور شواهد عصب روان­شناختی و نظریه­ای و با انجام یک مطالعه کمّی مورد بررسی قرار داده است. از یک سو مرور مطالعات عصب­روان­شناختی نشان داده است حافظه کاری و استدلال سیّال دارای مکانیسم عصبی مشترکی هستند و از سوی دیگر از حیث نظریه­ای نیز به نظر می­رسد اجرای بهینه تکالیف استدلال سیّال نیازمند منابع در دسترس بیشتر، ظرفیت توجهی اضافی، بازبینی و نظارت رد­های حافظه، فعال­نگه داشتن راهبردها و یا راه­حل­های میانجی و کشف و فعال­نگه داشتن قواعد میانجی است که بخشی از کارکردهای حافظه کاری هستند. نتیجه مطالعه کمّی نیز نشان داده است رابطه ظرفیت حافظه کاری و استدلال سیّال به لحاظ آماری معنادار بوده و بخشی از واریانس توانایی­های استدلالی توسط ظرفیت حافظه کاری پیش­بینی می­شود. بر این اساس می­توان نقش پیشایندی حافظه کاری برای انجام بهینه تکالیف استدلالی را مورد تایید قرار داد. این یافته می­تواند این دلالت کاربردی را با خود داشته باشد که مداخله در حافظه کاری و ارتقاء ظرفیت آن، می­تواند  برای انجام یک استدلال سیّال بهینه سودمند باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

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نویسنده [English]

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چکیده [English]

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