تأملی بر پتانسیل‌های کتاب‌ تصویری آینار تورکوفسکی بر مبنای مؤلفه‌های برنامۀ فبک

The Philosophy for Children (P4C) program aims to cultivate critical, creative, caring, and collaborative thinking to address children’s social and educational challenges. This study, instead of delving into the details of the P4C program, examines the question: What potential do Einar Turkowski’s picture books have for use in the P4C program?
The findings reveal that Einar Turkowski’s works enhance thinking by creating an emotional experience intertwined with reasoning. These books align with epistemic, ethical, political, and aesthetic criteria, incorporating ambiguity, complexity, and playful elements that simultaneously engage the reader’s imagination and emotions. The semantic gaps between content and illustrations provide an opportunity for critical reflection and understanding new values and experiences. The presence of human and fantasy characters, open endings, and diverse aesthetic styles make these works suitable tools for immersing children in different characters, places, and times. These features invite readers to engage in dialectical dialogue, guiding them to contemplate concepts such as ethics, identity, and values. Therefore, Einar Turkowski’s picture books are valuable tools for advancing the objectives of P4C and fostering critical and creative thinking in children.
Keywords: P4C, illustration, picture books, picture books in P4C, Einar Turkowski.
 
Introduction
Picture books, particularly in the context of the Philosophy for Children (P4C) program, are effective tools for cultivating philosophical thinking and analyzing complex concepts. This study examines Turkowski’s The Night Watchman as an example of picture books that specifically stimulate children’s philosophical curiosity and intellectual engagement. The aim is to analyze the interplay between text and image in The Night Watchman and explore how this book can be utilized in philosophical programs, especially P4C. To this end, concepts such as truth, perception, observation, and signs in The Night Watchman will be examined using a philosophical methodology.
Materials and Methods
This study analyzes the content of Turkowski’s The Night Watchman, utilizing methods rooted in the P4C framework, which aims to cultivate philosophical thinking in children through interactions with picture books. In this process, not only the book’s text but also its images were thoroughly analyzed to understand the relationship between text and image and their impact on children’s thought processes. Additionally, insights from previous analyses of philosophical concepts in other picture books were incorporated into this research.
Discussion and Results
Turkowski’s The Night Watchman, with its aesthetic and symbolic features, provides a suitable platform for fostering philosophical thought in children. The book’s careful integration of text and image enables the presentation of complex philosophical concepts such as truth, observation, signs, and symbols in an accessible and engaging manner for children. The illustrations in this book not only capture children’s emotions but also stimulate their critical and philosophical thinking.
Particularly, as The Night Watchman directly addresses philosophical questions about truth and perception, children can use it as a tool to pose questions about the world around them.
The story’s characters, such as Mrs. Marlot, serve as symbolic representations of curiosity and observation, indirectly introducing philosophical concepts. These characters and their associated images engage children in philosophical questioning, helping them develop the ability to analyze and evaluate different ideas. Furthermore, the structural and thematic design of The Night Watchman encourages readers to think deeply about complex relationships between humans and the world around them.
The study’s findings demonstrate that picture books can act as effective tools for teaching philosophy to children. These books not only serve as mediums for conveying philosophical concepts but also create opportunities for deeper reflection and exploration of intricate issues such as truth and perception in children’s minds. Consequently, incorporating picture books into the P4C program can offer a novel and effective approach to nurturing philosophical thought in children.
Conclusion
This study concludes that picture books like Turkowski’s The Night Watchman, with their aesthetic and symbolic features, are not only beneficial for stimulating children’s curiosity and philosophical questioning but also serve as effective tools for fostering critical and philosophical thinking. The integration of text and image in these books presents complex concepts such as truth, observation, signs, and symbols in an accessible way for children. Using these books in the P4C program can effectively invite children to philosophical thinking and critical analysis, creating a suitable space for posing questions and examining various concepts in their minds.