نوع مقاله : علمی-پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار دانشگاه فرهنگیان کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the implementation of the "Philosophy for Children" program on loneliness and control of anger during the outbreak of Corona in orphaned and poorly cared for boys. The method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with experimental and control groups. The purposefully selected study population consisted of orphaned and poorly cared for boys aged 9 to 12 years. From the statistical population, 28 people were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental (14) and control (14) groups. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of philosophy program training for children and the control group did not receive this training. The Spielberger Anger Questionnaire and the Russell University of California Loneliness Scale were used to collect and measure research data. The results of data analysis using covariance test showed that there was a significant difference in the variable of feeling lonely between the scores of the experimental group and the control group (P <0.001). The results of this study indicate that the Philosophy for Children program can be used as an effective intervention method to reduce loneliness and increase anger control in homeless and badly cared for children.
Key words: Philosophy for children, loneliness, anger control, homeless and neglected children.
Introduction
The research carried out shows the effectiveness of the philosophy programme for children on the psychological aspects of students (Rahimi et al., 2018, Issa Murad et al., 2018, Kabiri et al., 2019, Kabiri et al., 2014), but so far, there is no consistent research on the feeling of loneliness and anger management has not been done (these two components are increasing with the covid-19 pandemic), but mainly the components of feeling alone and hopeless, stress, insomnia, interpersonal relationships, etc. Research into the destructive effects of the spread of covid-19, in this research, the researchers decided to investigate the effectiveness of implementing the philosophy programme for children on feelings of loneliness and anger management during the spread of the coronavirus in homeless boys. It seems that in order to improve children's belief in health and empower them to acquire the necessary knowledge about coronavirus, it is possible to get help from the philosophy programme for children; Therefore, this research determined the effect of the philosophy training programme for children as a suitable intervention training programme to reduce the feeling of loneliness and control anger during the coronavirus outbreak. Therefore, two questions were investigated in this research: 1- How effective has the philosophy programme for children been in reducing the effects of loneliness and controlling anger? And 2- what effect has the philosophy programme for children had on the dimensions of anger management?
Materials and methods
The present research method was a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design with an experimental group and a control group, in which the researchers sought to find out the effect of implementing the philosophy programme for children on ‘loneliness’ and ‘anger management’ in orphaned and poorly controlled male children. The statistical population of the study included all orphaned and misbehaving boys between the ages of 8 and 12. The research instruments included the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale and the Spielberger Anger Questionnaire. In the descriptive statistics section, the indices of mean and standard deviation were used to describe the research data, and the inferential statistics of analysis of covariance was used to analyse the data.
Discuss
The results of this research indicated that the level of loneliness in the two experimental and control groups of male orphaned children, although there was no statistical difference before the start of the programme, but after the implementation of the philosophy programme for the children in the experimental group, according to the analysis of the pre-test and post-test results, there was a visible difference between the two experimental and control groups. The children who took part in the training sessions in the educational environment designed with the Fabak programme, at the end of the training, showed that they felt less alone than the children who did not take part in these sessions. The results of this research are in line with some of the findings of (Chiragzadeh et al., 2018, Kabiri et al., 2014, and Tschannen-Moran, 2013).
Conclusion
In fact, the philosophy programme for children is a tool that improves children's social skills through philosophising (listening to others, accepting different and opposing points of view, using judgement criteria, respecting other people's opinions, sympathising with friends, helping others in the research community, self-awareness, flexibility, self-correction, criticality) that many skills obtained through the Fabak programme and the process related to it provide the axis of children's socialisation, which significantly reduces the feeling of loneliness in them. In addition, children who take part in the philosophy programme for children, because they are patient with the discussions that arise during education, and calmly pay attention to the opposing opinions of their friends, and do not lose their temper and do not get angry easily due to their high capacity for control, will be able to control their anger and rage against the thoughts of other people and various events.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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